CHARLESVILLE. |
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| A small Village in the township of Osnabruck, situated on the St. Lawrence, 18
miles from Cornwall. It contains about 120 inhabitants, and one tavern. |
CHARLOTTENBURG. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township
of Lancaster; on the north-west by Kenyon; on the south-west by the reserve of the
St. Regis Indians; and on the south and south-east by the St. Lawrence. In Charlottenburg
73,784 acres are taken up; 17,415 of which are under cultivation. The River Aux Raisins runs
across the centre of the township from west to east. The village of Martintown is sutuated in
the west of the township, and the village of Williamstown in about its centre. The soil of
Charlottenburg varies in quality; on the banks of the river it is generally poor, with pine
timber. There are some good farms in the township. This is the best settled township in the
Eastern District. There are four grist and six saw mills in the township. Population : 4,975;
the principal part of whom are Scotch. Ratable property in the township : £63,795. |
COOKSVILLE. |
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| A small Village in the north-west of the township of Williamsburg, about six miles
from the St. Lawrence; contains about 100 inhabitants, two stores, three taverns. |
CORNWALL. |
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The District Town of the Eastern District : in the township of Cornwall, and county of
Stormont, pleasantly situated on the River St. Lawrence. The town is well laid out, and has
some good streets, with many excellent stone and brick houses. The town was incorporated in the
year 1834, and returns a member to the House of Assembly. The Cornwall Canal passes the town,
lying between the town and the River St. Lawrence. This place was formerly called by the
French inhabitants "Point Malin," on account of the difficulty they experienced in
ascending that portion of the river with their "Bateaux." There is a handsome stone jail and
court-house. Churches and chapels four, viz., Episcopal, Catholic, Presbyterian and
Methodist. A newspaper is published here, the "Cornwall Observer." Population
of Cornwall : about 1,600. Post-office : post every day.
The following government and district offices are kept in Cornwall: Judge of District Court,
Sheriff, Clerk of Peace, Treasurer, Inspector of Licenses, Collector of Customs, Crown Lands
Agent, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Deputy Clerk of Crown.
Professions and Trades : Three physicians and surgeons, eight lawyers, eight stores,
one foundry, two tanneries, eight taverns, one druggist, one bookseller, one auctioneer,
one printer, four bakers, six groceries, two tin-smiths, four blacksmiths, five
tailors, two watchmakers, two butchers, three coopers, six joiners and carpenters, one hatter,
two painters, one ladies' school, two bank agencies,"Commercial," and
"Montreal." Principal Taverns, "Chesley's," and
"Pitt's." |
CORNWALL. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the reserve of the
St. Regis Indians; on the north-west by the township of Roxborough, on the south-west
by Osnabruck; and on the south by the River St. Lawrence. In Cornwall 53,583 acres are taken up,
13,624 of which are under cultivation. This is an old and well-settled township. The town
of Cornwall is sutuated in its south-east corner, and the villages of Moulinette, and
Milleroche, and the settlement of St. Andrews, are also in the township. There
are four grist
and four saw mills in the township. Population of Cornwall : 3,907, who are principally English,
Irish, and Scotch. Ratable propery in the township : £65,632. |
DICKENSON'S LANDING. |
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| A Village in the township of Osnabruck, situated at the head of the Cornwall Canal,
eleven miles west from Cornwall. It contains about 200 inhabitants, a Catholic church, six
stores, and five taverns. |
DUNDAS. |
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| A County in the Eastern District : comprises the townships of Mountain, Matilda,
Winchester, and Williamsburg. It returns a member to the House of Assembly. |
FINCH. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Roxborough; on the north-west by Cambridge and Russell; on the south-west by
Winchester; and on the south-east by Osnabruck. In Finch 15,410 acres are taken up, 2,305
of which are under cultivation. The Petit Nation River runs through the north of the township,
from south to north. There is considerable pine on its banks, much of which is floated down the
Ottawa. There are one grist and three saw-mills in the township. 150
acres of crown lands are open for sale in Finch, at 8s. c'y per acre. Population : 756; who
are principally Scotch, and have a Presbyterian church. Ratable property in the township :
£9,504. |
GLENGARY. |
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| A County in the Eastern District : comprises the townships of Charlottenburg, Kenyon,
Lochiel, Lancaster, and the Indian reserve. It returns a member to the House of Assembly.
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KENYON. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Lochiel; on the north-west by Caledonia; on the south-west by the reserve of the
St. Regis Indians; and on the south-east by Charlottenburgh. In Kenyon, 43,166 acres are
taken up, 3,837 of which are under cultivation. The land in Kenyon varies in quality. Timber :
pine, intermixed with hardwood. There are two grist mills in the township. Population in 1842 :
2,536, who are principally Irish Catholics and Scotch. The latter have a Presbyterian Church in
the township. Ratable property in the township : £20,812. |
LANCASTER. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District, the most south-easterly township in Canada West :
is bounded on the north-east by Canada East or Lower Canada; on the north-west by the
township of Lochiel; on the south-west by Charlottenburgh; and on the south-east by
Lake St. Francis, a portion of the River St. Lawrence. In Lancaster 49,273 acres are taken up,
10,094 of which are under cultivation. This is an old and well-settled township, containing
some good farms. It is well watered by numerous streams running across it from west to east,
and all of which flow into the St. Lawrence. Timber : a mixture of pine and hardwood. The
village of Dalhousie is situated in the north-east corner of the township; and the village
of Lancaster in the south-west corner. There are two grist and seven saw mills in the
township. Population in 1842 : 3,171. Ratable property in the township : £38,627. |
LOCHIEL. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Hawkesbury East; on the north-west by Hawkesbury West; on the south-west by Kenyon;
and on the south-east by Lancaster, and a portion of Lower Canada. In Lochiel 53,886 acres
are taken up, 8,366 of which are under cultivation. The settlement of Alexandria, or
Priest's Mills, is
situated in the south-west corner of the township, on the River de L'Isle. It contains a
Catholic church: there are also Presbyterian and Baptist churches in the township, in a
settlement called Breadalbane. 600 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Lochiel, at 8s.
currency per acre. There are two grist and three saw mills in the township. Population in
1842 : 2,047. Ratable property in the townshp : £32,445. |
MARIATOWN. |
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| A Village in the township of Williamsburgh : situated on the St. Lawrence; contains
about 100 inhabitants, one store, one tavern, and post office, post every day. |
MARTINTOWN. |
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| A Village in the west of the township of Charlottenburgh : situated on the River aux
Rasins, 13 miles from Cornwall. It contains about 200 inhabitants, and one Presbyterian
Church. Professions and Trades : One grist and saw mill, seven stores, one tavern,
four asheries, one saddler, one waggon maker, three blacksmiths, three tailors, three
shoemakers. |
MATILDA. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Williamsburgh; on the north-west by Mountain; on the south-west by Edwardsburgh; and
on the south-east by the St. Lawrence. In Matilda 37,765 acres are taken up, 6,518 of
which are under cultivation. There is a small village in the township, called Matilda,
situated on the St. Lawrence. 200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Matilda, at 8s.
currency per acre. There is a Methodist church in the township, and three saw mills. Population
in 1842 : 2,435. Ratable property in the township : £29,064. |
MILLE ROCHES. |
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| A Village in the township of Cornwall, five miles from the town of Cornwall.
It is situated between the River St. Lawrence and the Cornwall canal. It was once flourishing,
but the formation of the Cornwall Canal has cut it off from the surrounding country. A quarry
of splendid black limestone, resembling black marble, and which takes a beautiful polish, is
situated close to the village. Mille Roches contains a grist and saw mill, carding machine and
fulling mill, and two stores. Post Office : post every day. |
MOULINETTE. |
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| A Village in the township of Cornwall : situated on the St. Lawrence, seven miles from
Cornwall. It contains about 100 inhabitants. Churches and chapels two; viz., Episcopal
and Methodist. Professions and Trades : One grist and saw mill, one brewery, carding
machine, foundry, one store, one tavern, one cabinet maker, one blacksmith. |
MOUNTAIN. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Winchester; on the north-west by Osgoode; on the south-west by South Gower; and on
the south-east by Matilda. In Mountain 25,362 acres are taken up, 6,269 of which are under
cultivation. The Petite Nation River runs through the west and south of the township, leaving it
at its eastern corner. Mountain is pretty well settled, and contains some good land. Timber : a
mixture of pine and hardwood. 200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at
8s. currency per acre. There is an Episcopal church in the township, and one grist and four
saw mills. Population in 1842 : 1,316. Ratable property in the township : £18,275.
|
OSNABRUCK. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the township of
Cornwall; on the north-west by Finch; on the south-west by Williamsburgh; and on the
south-east by the St. Lawrence. In Osnabruck 45,163 acres are taken up, 12,116 of which are
under cultivation. This township is well watered by numerous small streams running through it.
It is well settled, and contains good farms. There is a large quantity of pine in the township.
The villages of Charlesville, Santa Cruz, and Dickenson's Landing are in
the township, and all
situated on the St. Lawrence; the latter at the head of the Cornwall Canal. 150 acres of Crown
lands are open for sale in Osnabruck, at 8s. currency, per acre. There are two grist and ten
saw mills in the township. Population in 1842 : 3,623. Ratable property in the township :
£45,235. |
ROXBOROUGH. |
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| A Township in the Eastern District : is bounded on the north-east by the reserve of
the St. Regis Indians; on the north-west by Plantagenet and a small portion of Cambridge;
on the south-west by Finch; and on the south-east by Cornwall. In Roxborough 20,118
acres are taken up, 2,411 of which are under cultivation. This township is pretty well settled,
and contains good land. Timber : a mixture of pine and hardwood. 350 acres of Crown lands are
open for sale in Roxborough, at 8s. currency per acre. There are one grist and two saw mills in
the township. Population in 1842 : 1,107; who are principally Scotch and Irish. Ratable
property in the township : £9,992. |
SANTA CRUZ. |
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| A small Settlement in the township of Osnabruck : situated on the St. Lawrence, 15 miles
from Cornwall. It contains two churches -- Episcopal and Presbyterian; and one
tavern. |
STORMONT. |
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| A County in the Eastern District : it comprises the townships of Cornwall, Finch,
Osnabruck, Roxborough, and, except for the purpose of representation in the Legislative
Assembly, the town of Cornwall. It returns a member to the House of Assembly. |
ST. ANDREWS. (See CORNWALL) |
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ST. LAWRENCE. (The principal River in Canada) |
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It receives the waters of the great lakes from Lake Ontario and conveys them to the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is nearly half a mile wide at its commencement, and 90 miles wide at
its mouth. The name was originally given to the Gulf, and afterwards extended to the River, by
Cartier, an early French navigator, in 1534, in honour of a saint in the Romish calendar.
Soon after its commencement, it expands into the "Lake of the Thousand Isles;" a portion of
the river, the scenery of which is most beautiful and romantic, being studded with islands,
some of which are many acres in extent, and others only a few feet square, and most of which
are covered with red cedar; some are only just above the surface of the water, and others are
abrupt and craggy rocks, jutting up perpendicularly to the height of 30 or 40 feet. Sometimes
you pass through a narrow channel, between rocks, where, at a short distance, you would
imagine there was scarcely room for a boat to pass. In passing through the lake, during the
last summer, in company with a German who had travelled over Germany, Switzerland, and France,
he declared that in point of natural beauty, the scenery of the Rhine was not to be compared
to it. He acknowleged that the addition of old castles and pictureque ruins, added charms to
the scenery of the Rhine, that were wanting in that of the St. Lawrence; but that in true
natural beauty, it was far from equal to the Lake of the Thousand Isles.
There are several rapids in the river, some of which it is difficult, and others impossible
for sailing vessels or other craft to ascend; and steamboats and vessels, conveying goods
between Kingston and Montreal, have been in the habit of descending the rapids, and returning
by the Ottawa River, being towed by steamboats through the Rideau Canal. The principal of these
rapids, are the Galoppes Rapids, Point Iroquois Rapids, Rapide Plat Rapids, Farren's Point Rapids,
the Long Sault Rapids, The Coteau Rapids, The Cedars Rapids, the Cascades Rapids, and the Lachine Rapids
The Galoppes Rapids are situated at about six miles below Prescott. The current in the
river is very strong, varying from six to ten miles per hour. The first class steam
passage vessels can overcome these rapids, as those at Point Iroquois, Rapid Plat, and Farren's
Point in the natural state of the river; but to enable trade vessels generally to
ascend the Galoppes, improvements are in progress, which consist of one guard lock, one lock
with a lift of between seven and eight feet, and a lateral cut or canal two miles in length.
The Point Iroquois Rapids occur at about 12 miles below Prescott; to enable vessels to ascend
them, a canal has been constructed about three miles in length, with a lock having a lift of
about six feet. This work is not quite finished, but will be completed during the present year.
The Rapide Plat Rapids are about 19 miles below Prescott, and to overcome them, a canal has been
made about four miles in length, with a guard lock, and a lift lock having about eleven and
a half feet rise. The Farren's Point Rapids are about 33 miles below Prescott. The improvements
here consist of a canal about one mile in length, with a lock having about four feet lift. The
next rapids are those of the Long Sault; these are serious, and may indeed be called
insurmountable obstacles to ascending the river; they have been avoided by the construction of
the Cornwall Canal, which is about 12 miles in length, and commences at the village of
Dickenson's Landing, eleven miles above the town of Cornwall. The next work connected with the
St. Lawrence is the Beauharnois Canal, the object of which is to open a communication from
Lake St. Francis to Lake St. Louis, avoiding all the rapids of the Coteau, the Cedars, and the
Cascades, which occur in the portion of the St. Lawrence between those lakes.
During the season of 1844 it was stated, and generaly believed, that a new channel had been
discovered through the Cedars Rapids, with a considerable depth of water; and it was supposed,
therefore, that no obstruction existed to the passage of vessels, drawing from eight to nine
feet water, down all the rapids to Montreal. However, it appeared that this was a mistake; for
as the proprietor of the steamboat St. George was endeavouring to take his boat
(drawing six
feet water) through the newly discovered channel, she struck so heavily in several parts of the
Coteau and Cascades Rapids as to make it necessary to run her into the entrance of the
Beauharnois Canal, to prevent her from sinking.
The several works of the enlargement of the Lachine Canal are nearly completed, and are
expected to be sufficiently so to allow of the passage of first class vessels, which then will
be enabled to run up from Montreal to Toronto and Hamilton; and, through
the Welland Canal, to
Lakes Erie, St. Clair and Huron. Below Montreal, the St. Lawrence is navigable for first class
vessels from the ocean.
There are many islands in the St. Lawrence, some of large size, and others mere rocks. Of
these, the largest above Lake St. Francis, are Gore Island, opposite the townships of Leeds and
Landsdowne; and Sheek's Island and Cornwall Island, opposite the townships of Cornwall and
Osnabruck. Below Lake St. Francis, there are many islands, the principal of which is the Island
of Montreal; but as these are all in the Lower Province, to which the present work does not
extend, it is necessary to omit a description of them. The base of the islands in the St.
Lawrence is limestone, and they are mostly covered with cedars, and other trees of the pine
tribe.
There have been expended on the improvements of the St. Lawrence up to the 1st of July, 1844,
the latest date to which the returns have been published -- |
